In Java, objects of a String class are immutable, as a results, one can’t alter them. Further, If there is a need to alter a string after its creation, then StringBuilder and StringBuffer are two classes come into picture. As they produce mutable strings and provide reverse() method to reverse a string.

They can be used to finish the program within 2 or 3 lines. Alternatively, a string can also be reversed with the help of an array.

These are the following approaches to reverse a string in Java :

1. Using StringBuilder
2. Using StringBuffer
3. Using toCharArray method
4. Using swapping technique
5. Using List
6. Using recursion technique

Example 1. Program to reverse a string in Java using StringBuilder

Program:

import java.util.Scanner;
/**
 * Reverse a string using StringBuilder
 *
 * */
public class StringReverse {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        String word;
        System.out.print("Please enter a String = ");
        Scanner ed = new Scanner(System.in);
        word = ed.nextLine();
        StringBuilder str = new StringBuilder(word);
        System.out.println(word + " reversed to " + str.reverse() + " using in StringBuilder");
    }
}

Output:

Please enter a String = Programmerbay
Programmerbay reversed to yabremmargorP using in StringBuilder

Example 2. Program to reverse a string in Java using StringBuffer

Program:

import java.util.Scanner;
/**
 * Reverse a string using StringBuffer
 *
 * */
public class StringReverse {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        String word;
        System.out.print("Please enter a String = ");
        Scanner ed = new Scanner(System.in);
        word = ed.nextLine();
        StringBuffer str = new StringBuffer(word);
        System.out.println(word + " reversed to " + str.reverse() + " using in StringBuffer");
    }
}

Output:

Please enter a String = angry
angry reversed to yrgna using in StringBuffer

Example 3. Program to reverse a string in Java using char Array

In this approach, we have converted the input string to character array and traversing it backward.

Program:

import java.util.Scanner;

/**
 * Reverse a string by converting a string to character array
 */
public class StringReverse {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        String word, reversed = "";
        char ch[];
        int i, size;
        System.out.print("Please enter a String = ");
        Scanner ed = new Scanner(System.in);
        word = ed.nextLine();
        ch = word.toCharArray();
        size = word.length() - 1;
        for (i = size; i >= 0; i--) {
            reversed = reversed + ch[i];
        }
        System.out.println(word + " reversed to " + reversed);
    }
}

Output:

Please enter a String = programmerbay
programmerbay reversed to yabremmargorp

Example 4. Program to reverse a string in Java by Swapping

Program:

/**
 * Reverse a string by swapping technique
 */
public class StringReverse {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        String str = "programmerbay";
        char[] chrArr = str.toCharArray();
        for (int i = 0 ; i<=str.length() - 1 ;i++){
            int backrdPos =  str.length() - (i+1);
            if(i < (backrdPos) ) {
                char temp = chrArr[i];
                chrArr[i] =  chrArr[backrdPos];
                chrArr[backrdPos] = temp;
            }
        }
        System.out.println("Reversed String :: ");
        for (char ch:
             chrArr) {
            System.out.print(ch);
        }
    }
}

Output:

Reversed String :: 
yabremmargorp

Example 5. Program to reverse a string in Java using list

Program:

/**
 * Reverse a string by converting the string to list
 */
public class StringReverse {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        String str = "programmerbay";
        List<Character> characterList = new ArrayList<>();
        for (char ch:
             str.toCharArray()) {
            characterList.add(ch);
        }
        Collections.reverse(characterList);
        System.out.print(str+" reversed to :: ");
        for (Character ch:
             characterList) {
            System.out.print(ch);
        }
    }
}

Output:

programmerbay reversed to :: yabremmargorp

Example 6. Program to reverse a string in Java using recursion

/**
 * Reverse a string by recursion
 */
public class StringReverse {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        String str = "programmerbay";
        System.out.println(str + " reversed to :: "+ getReverseString(str.toCharArray(), str.length() - 1,""));
    }

    private static String getReverseString(char[] chrArr, int len,String rvrStr) {
        if(len < 0){
            return rvrStr;
        }
        rvrStr = rvrStr + chrArr[len];
        return getReverseString(chrArr, --len, rvrStr);
    }
}

Output:

programmerbay reversed to :: yabremmargorp